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Join girbakalim.net"s Publishing Partner Program & our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work!Sherlock Holmes is a fictional character created by the Scottish writer Arthur Conan Doyle. However, Conan Doyle did model Holmes’s methods and mannerisms on those of Dr. Joseph Bell, who had been his professor at the University of Edinburgh Medical School. Conan Doyle took inspiration from Bell’s method of diagnosing a patient’s disease.
Sherlock Holmes’s success as a “consulting detective” comes from his uncanny ability to gather evidence based upon his honed skills of observation và deductive reasoning. Holmes offered some insight into his method, claiming, “When you have excluded the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth.”
Claiming that Sherlock Holmes distracted him “from better things,” Arthur Conan Doyle in 1893 famously attempted to kill him off in the story “The Final Problem.” Public outcry against the death of Holmes was great. By popular demand, Conan Doyle resurrected his detective in the story “The Adventure of the Empty House” (1903).
Sherlock Holmes’s greatest nemesis is Professor James Moriarty whom Holmes considers the “Napoleon of Crime.” The character of Professor Moriarty recurs in several detective stories & novels by Arthur Conan Doyle. Similar to Sherlock Holmes’s character having real-life inspiration, it is believed that Conan Doyle based Moriarty on Adam Worth, a real criminal who was active at the time.
Sherlock Holmes never marries anyone in Arthur Conan Doyle’s original stories. The only woman whom Holmes ever holds in high regard is Irene Adler—one of few characters to be clever enough lớn get past him. Though only appearing in Conan Doyle’s “A Scandal in Bohemia” (1891), she has often been portrayed as a potential love interest of Holmes in contemporary adaptations.
Sherlock Holmes, fictional character created by the Scottish writer Arthur Conan Doyle. The prototype for the modern mastermind detective, Holmes first appeared in Conan Doyle’s A Study in Scarlet, published in Beeton’s Christmas Annual of 1887. As the world’s first và only “consulting detective,” he pursued criminals throughout Victorian and Edwardian London, the south of England, and continental Europe. Although the fictional detective had been anticipated by Edgar Allan Poe’s C. Auguste Dupin & Émile Gaboriau’s Monsieur Lecoq, Holmes made a singular impact upon the popular imagination and has been the most enduring character of the detective story.
Sherlock Holmes (right) explaining to lớn Dr. Watson what he has deduced from a pipe left behind by a visitor; illustration by Sidney Paget for Sir Arthur Conan Doyle"s “The Adventure of the Yellow Face,” The Strand Magazine, 1893.
Watson’s narrations describe Holmes as a very complex & moody character who, although of strict habit, is considerably untidy. His London abode at 221B, Baker Street, is tended by his housekeeper, Mrs. Hudson. Holmes appears khổng lồ undergo bouts of mania and depression, the latter of which are accompanied by pipe smoking, violin playing, và cocaine use. Throughout the four novels & 56 short stories featuring Holmes, a number of characters recur, including the bumbling Scotland Yard inspector Lestrade; the group of “street Arabs” known as the Baker Street Irregulars, who are routinely employed by Holmes as informers; his even wiser but less ambitious brother, Mycroft; and, most notably, his formidable opponent, Professor James Moriarty, whom Holmes considers the “Napoleon of crime.”
Claiming that Holmes distracted him “from better things,” Conan Doyle famously in 1893 (“The Final Problem”) attempted to lớn kill him off; during a violent struggle on Switzerland’s Reichenbach Falls, both Holmes & his nemesis, Professor Moriarty, are plunged over the edge of the precipice. Popular outcry against the demise of Holmes was great; men wore black mourning bands, the British royal family was distraught, và more than 20,000 readers cancelled their subscriptions lớn the popular Strand Magazine, in which Holmes regularly appeared. By popular demand, Conan Doyle resurrected his detective in the story “The Adventure of the Empty House” (1903).
Holmes remained a popular figure into the 21st century. Among the most popular stories in which he is featured are “The Adventure of the xanh Carbuncle” (1892), “The Adventure of the Speckled Band” (1892), “The Adventure of the Six Napoleons” (1904), and the novel The Hound of the Baskervilles (1902). Holmes’s character has been translated to other truyền thông media as well, and he is widely known on both stage & screen. The earliest actor to lớn have essayed the role is William Gillette (a founding member of the new york Holmes society still known as the Baker Street Irregulars), who gave several popular theatrical portrayals at the turn of the 20th century. Those who appeared as Holmes on-screen include Basil Rathbone, Peter Cushing, Jeremy Brett, Robert Downey, Jr., Benedict Cumberbatch, and Jonny Lee Miller. Ironically, two of the emblems of Holmes, his meerschaum pipe và deerstalker hat, are not original khổng lồ Conan Doyle’s writings. Gillette introduced the curved meerschaum pipe (it is thought to have been easier on the actor’s jaw during a long performance), và Sidney Paget the deerstalker (or “fore-and-aft”) cap—it was de rigueur for country living—in more than one illustration for The Strand of Holmes at work on his investigations in the country.
Promotional poster for The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1939), starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce.
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In addition to myriad translations of the Holmes adventures throughout the world, a genre of parodies và pastiches has developed based upon the Sherlock Holmes character. An entire collection of more scholarly “higher criticism” of Conan Doyle’s writings was initiated by Ronald Knox’s “Studies in the Literature of Sherlock Holmes” (1912). Subsequent higher criticism is epitomized by the work appearing in The Baker Street Journal (begun 1946), published by the Baker Street Irregulars. Holmes devotees, known as Sherlockians or Holmesians, frequently gather in societies around the world to pay tribute lớn the master detective with a cultist fervour. The most established of these societies are the invitation-only Baker Street Irregulars, founded in 1934, and the Sherlock Holmes Society of London, founded in 1951 and xuất hiện to anyone. The latter, which publishes The Sherlock Holmes Journal, traces its origins khổng lồ the Sherlock Holmes Society that was formed in London in 1934 & counted among its members the scholar and writer Dorothy L. Sayers; it had ceased its activities by the 1940s.